Italy

Italy San Marino Vatican City Sicily and Sardinia each had their own time zones from 1866 to 1893, called Palermo Time (+00:53:28) and Cagliari Time (+00:36:32). During World War II, German-controlled Italy used German time. But these events all occurred before the 1970 cutoff, so record only the time in Rome. ... the [1866] law went into effect on 12 December 1866, rather than the date of the decree (22 Sep 1866) ... "In Italy in 1866 there were 6 railway times (Torino, Verona, Firenze, Roma, Napoli, Palermo). On that year it was decided to unify them, adopting the average time of Rome (even if this city was not yet part of the kingdom). On the 12th December 1866, on the starting of the winter time table, it took effect in the railways, the post office and the telegraph, not only for the internal service but also for the public.... Milano set the public watches on the Rome time on the same day (12th December 1866), Torino and Bologna on the 1st January 1867, Venezia the 1st May 1880 and the last city was Cagliari in 1886." this is the scan of the decree: ... [translated as] "The preceding dispositions will enter into force at the instant at which, according to the time specified in the 1st article, the 1st of November 1893 will begin...." The authoritative source for time in Italy is the national metrological institute, which has a summary page of historical DST data at [now at as of 2017] has still different data for 1944. It divides Italy in two, as there were effectively two governments at the time, north of Gothic Line German controlled territory, official government RSI, and south of the Gothic Line, controlled by allied armies. Viceregal LEGISLATIVE DECREE. 14 September 1944, no. 219. Restoration of Standard Time. (044U0219) (OJ 62 of 30.9.1944) ... Given the R. law decreed on 1944-03-29, no. 92, by which standard time is advanced to sixty minutes later starting at hour two on 1944-04-02; ... Starting at hour three on the date 1944-09-17 standard time will be resumed. I spent 6 Euros to buy two archive copies of Il Messaggero, a Roman paper, for 1 and 2 April 1944. The edition of 2 April has this note: "Tonight at 2 am, put forward the clock by one hour. Remember that in the night between today and Monday the 'ora legale' will come in force again." That makes it clear that in Rome the change was on Monday, 3 April 1944 at 2 am. Go with INRiM for DST rules, except as corrected by Inglis for 1944 for the Kingdom of Italy. This is consistent with Renzo Baldini. Model Rome's occupation by using C-Eur rules from 1943-09-10 to 1944-06-04; although Rome was an open city during this period, it was effectively controlled by Germany. Using C-Eur is consistent with Treindl's comment about Rome in April 1944, as the "Rule Italy" lines during German occupation do not affect Europe/Rome (though they do affect Europe/Malta).